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For example, 1 gram of fat in one food may yield 8.34 calories while 1 gram of fat from another food yields 9.7 calories. It’s important to recognize that 4-9-4 is an average, and not an exact amount. should contain approximately 140 calories. 22 grams of carbohydrate (22 x 4 = 88 calories).For example, using the Atwater method, a box of crackers that contains per serving. His 4-9-4 method came up with an average of 4 calories per gram of protein, 9 calories per gram of fat, and 4 calories per gram of carbohydrate that is still in use today. Atwater developed a process to determine the average number of calories in the three macronutrients in food: protein, fat, and carbohydrate. Instead of using the bomb calorimeter method to establish calories in foods, manufacturers began using an easier process: the Atwater method. The 1990 Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA) for the first time required that food manufacturers put the amounts of nutrients and calories on the package label. Finally, the calories are determined by calculating the change in water temperature multiplied by the volume of water. The researchers ignite the food with an electric current, the water absorbs the heat released as the food burns, and a thermometer measures the changes in temperature in the water. The bomb is filled with oxygen and placed in another container where it is surrounded by water. A sample of food like that large portion of fries is placed into a metal container called a bomb. When scientists first started to measure the energy, or calories in food, they used a bomb calorimeter. More specifically, one calorie is the amount of energy it takes to heat one kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius at sea level. But just what is a calorie?Ī calorie is a measure of energy. We think about calories in terms of body weight: eat fewer calories to lose weight, eat more calories to gain weight, run on the treadmill to burn more calories. Do you ever find yourself standing in line at a coffee shop or restaurant with a large display board that lists all the available foods and beverages along with their calorie content, trying to decide if you really want the large size fries with 490 calories or whether the medium size with 320 calories will feel satisfying? Or asking yourself: How can a 16 ounce caramel macchiato have THAT many calories?!! (For the record, it’s 280 calories).